WEBVTT

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[poezd qo'ng'irog'i ovozi]
Narxlar bo'lmasa nima bo'lardi?

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– Bozor narxlari inson farovonligi uchun

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qanchalik muhimligini tushunish uchun,

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ularsiz ahvolimiz nima
bo'lishini tasavvur qiling.

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Faraz qiling, siz sobiq Sovet Ittifoqida

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temir yo‘l komissarisiz.

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Bozorlar va narxlar bekor qilingan.

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Siz va o'rtoqlaringiz
- barchasi jonkuyar kommunist -

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resurslardan foydalanish
rejasini tuzyapsiz.

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Siz A shahridan B shahriga
temir yo‘l qurmoqchisiz,

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lekin ikkala shahar o‘rtasida
tog‘ tizmasi bor.

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Aytaylik, yo'l qulirgandan so'ng,

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tog'dan o'tadimi yoki atrofidanmi,

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u mamlakatga birdek

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xizmat qiladi.

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Agar yo'lni tog‘ orqali qursangiz,

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relslar uchun kamroq po‘lat ishlatasiz,

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chunki yo‘l qisqaroq.

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Lekin qiyin relyefdan o‘tish uchun

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ko‘priklar va tunnellar loyihasi uchun

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ko‘p muhandislik ishlari talab etiladi.

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E'tibor bering, muhandislik

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irrigatsiya tizimlari, konlar, port
inshootlari va boshqa ob’ektlar

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loyihalari uchun ham kerak.

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Agar boshqa loyihalar uchun
muhandislik resurslari

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ko‘proq zarur bo‘lsa,

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temir yo‘lda ularni isrof qilish
maqsadga muvofiq emas.

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Agar yo'lni tog‘ atrofidan
tekis yerda qursangiz,

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muhandislik ishlarini boshqa
loyihalar uchun tejaysiz.

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Lekin bu holda masofa usoqligi tufayli

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ko‘proq po‘lat rels ishlatish kerak.

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Po‘lat esa boshqa maqsadlar –

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transport, qurilish, kemalar, idishlar va

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minglab boshqa narsalar uchun ham zarur.

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Millat manfaati uchun
qaysi yo'ldan borish kerak?

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Javob berish uchun, qaysi resurslar

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boshqa maqsadlar uchun
kamroq zarurligini aniqlashingiz kerak.

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Tog‘ orqali yo‘l uchun
ko‘p muhandislik, ammo

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kam po‘lat talab qilinadi,

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aylanma yo‘l uchun esa
kam muhandislik,

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lekin ko‘p po‘lat kerak.

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Lekin muhandislik va po‘latning
boshqa sohalardagi

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zarurligini qanday bilishingiz mumkin?

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Misol uchun, muhandislik

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irrigatsiya tizimlarini qurish uchun ishlatiladi.

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Muayyan irrigatsiya tizimining
ahamiyatini baholash uchun,

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siz fermerlarning sug‘orish hosildorlikni

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qancha oshirishi to'g'risidagi
ma'lumotiga ega bo'lishingiz kerak.

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Hosildorlikning qiymatini bilish uchun esa,

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do‘konlarning mijozlari mahsulotni qanchalik

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qadrlashi to'g'risidagi ma'lumotiga
ega bo'lishingiz kerak.

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Bu esa, o‘z navbatida, mijozlarning
ushbu mahsulot bilan

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qanchalik yaxshiroqtaom tayyorlay
oladigan bilimlariga bog‘liq.

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Bularning barchasini qanday bilsa bo'ladi?

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Po'latga kelsak, undan
yuk mashinalarini qurish mumkin.

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Yangi yuk mashinasining
ahamiyatini aniqlash uchun,

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haydovchining mavjud
mashinasining quvvatini

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va yangi, kattaroq mashina bilan

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mijozlariga buyurtmalarni

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qancha tezroq yetkazib berishi
to'g'risidagi ma'lumotiga

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ega bo'lishingiz kerak.

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Yetkazib berishlarning ahamiyatini
bilish uchun esa,

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mijozlar tovarlarning yetkazib berilishini

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qanday baholashini bilish kerak.

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Bu esa, yana boshqalarning tovarlarni

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kerakli joylarda ishlatish
haqidagi bilimlariga bog‘liq.

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Temir yo‘l yo‘nalishini to'g'ri tanlash uchun,

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muhandislik va po‘latning
barcha mumkin bo‘lgan

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iste’moli haqidagi ma’lumotlarga
ega bo'lishingiz kerak.

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Bu – jamiyatning millionlab
odamlarida to‘plangan

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ulkan bilimlar yig‘indisi.

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Qayerdan buncha ma'lumot olasiz?

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So'rovnomalar o'tkazib ko'rishingiz mumkin,

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ammo nechta odamdan so'rov
o'tkazishingiz kerakligini o'ylab ko'ring.

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Eng avvalo, mahsulot bilan
ovqat tayyorlovchilar

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va yuk mashinalari orqali yetkazib beruvchilar.

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Bularning soni juda ko'p bo'lishi mumkin..

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Bundan tashqari, ko'pincha odamlar hayotiy
vaziyatga duch kelmaguncha,

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nimani afzal ko'rishlarini bilishmaydi.

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Shuning uchun ular so'rovnoma savollariga

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to'g'ri javob bera olmasliklari mumkin.

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Javob berishgan taqdirda ham,

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so‘rovnomalar qaytarilib, tahlil qilinguncha,

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ko‘p ma’lumot eskirib qolishi mumkin.

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Hatto agar siz po‘lat va muhandislikning

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har bir iste'moli haqida

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barcha biladigan ma'lumotga
to‘liq va o‘z vaqtida

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ega bo‘lsangiz ham, temir yo‘l qurish joyini

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aniqlash uchun bu ma’lumotlarni
tahlil qilishingiz kerak.

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Buncha ko'p ma’lumotlar yig'indisi bilan
qanday ishlaysiz?

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Lyudvig fon Misesning so‘zlari bilan aytganda:

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«Qorong'uda paypaslab yurgandek bo'lasiz.»

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Siz markaziy rejalashtirishning

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«ma'lumot muammosi» jumbog'iga
duch kelgan bo'lasiz.

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Bu sotsializmning muvaffaqiyatsizlikka
uchrashining asosiy sababidir.

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Markaziy rejalashtiruvchilarda
samarali reja tuzish uchun

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zarur bilimlar mavjud bo'lmaydi.

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Siz, komissar, noyob resurslarni
xalq manfaati uchun

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qaysi loyihalarda ishlatish
kerakligini bilolmaysiz.

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Endi hayoliy vaziyatni o‘zgartiraylik.

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Faraz qiling, siz bir bozor iqtisodiyoti

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mamlakatida

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temir yo‘l kompaniyasining bosh direktorisiz.

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Siz millat manfaati uchun emas, balki

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kompaniya foydasi uchun ishlaysiz.

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Siz C shahardan D shahatga
temir yo‘l liniyasini o‘tkazmoqchisiz.

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Ular o‘rtasida ham tog‘ tizmasi bor.

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Qaysi yo‘nalishni tanlaysiz?

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Siz eng arzonini tanlaysiz.

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Har bir yo‘l uchun umumiy
xarajatlarni hisoblaysiz:

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muhandislik miqdorini

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muhandislik narxiga ko'paytirib,

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uni po‘lat miqdorining po‘lat narxi

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mahsulotiga qo'shasiz.

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Keyin kompaniy uchun
arzonroq variantni tanlaysiz.

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Siz butun millat yoki jamiyat manfaati haqida

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umuman o‘ylamashingiz mumkin,

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lekin ajoyib jihati shundaki,

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kompaniyangiz uchun eng arzon
yo‘lni tanlab, siz ayni paytda

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jamiyat uchun eng yaxshi yo‘lni
ham tanlagan bo‘lasiz.

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Siz boshqa maqsadlar uchun zaruriyati

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eng kam bo'lgan resurslardan
foydalangan bo'lasiz.

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Nega?

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Chunki siz hisob-kitob
qilayotgan bozor narxlari

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muhandislik va po‘latning boshqa sohalardagi

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zarurligini aks ettiradi.

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Misol uchun, faraz qilaylik, mijozlar

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mazzaliroq taom uchun

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sifatli mahsulotlar narxining
ko‘tarilishiga rozi.

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Ya'ni, ular do'konchilarga mahsulot
uchun ko'proq to'laydilar

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do'konchilar ham fermerlarga
ko'proq pul taklif qiladi.

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Demak, sug'orishdan hosildorligi

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yetarli darajada ko'tarilgan fermerlar

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irrigatsiya tizimi uchun ko'proq to'laydilar.

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Irrigatsiya tizimini quruvchilari esa

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muhandislarning loyiha ishlari uchun
maoshni oshiradilar.

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Endi muhandislar boshqa loyihalar

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(masalan, temir yo‘llar) uchun ham

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kamida shuncha yoki

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undan ham ko‘proq

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maosh talab qiladi.

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Maoshning oshishi muhandislikning

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qandaydir sababga ko‘ra qiymati
oshganiligini bildiradi.

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Endi ulardan kamroq foydalanish kerakdir?

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Shu tarzda, resurslarning bozor narxlari

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resurslardan bevosita yoki
bilvosita foydalanuvchi

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millionlab odamlarning ma'lumotlari
va istaklarini ifodalaydi.

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Narxlar esa ushbu ma'lumotni ask etadi va

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ular barchaga ma'lum va ommabop.

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Faqatgina bozor narxlari orqali

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biz insoniyatning ulkan bilimlar
bazasidan foydalanib,

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biz istagan narsalarni ishlab chiqarishning

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eng arzon usullarini bilishimiz,

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boshqalar faoliyati bilan
muvofiqlashtirishimiz

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va resurslarni jamiyat
eng qadrlagan sohalarga

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yo‘naltirishimiz mumkin.

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[sokin musiqa]

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