WEBVTT

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– Men ushbu chiptani hozir pul bilan  sotib oldim.

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Lekin bilasizmi, bir zamonlar
shu pul bo'lgan,

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shu jumladan tuz ham pul bo'lgan.

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Bularning barchasidan tarix davomida
pul sifatida foydalanilgan.

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Ayirboshlash vositasi, qiymat zaxirasi

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va hisob birligi.
Tuz ish haqi o'rnida shunchalik ko'p to'langanki,

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u «maosh» so'zi negiziga aylangan
(«salt» -«salary»)

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Pul - eng kerakli
innovatsiyalardan biri.

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Pul tufayli shifokor

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har kuni yurak bypass operatsiyasiga muhtoj

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bitta fermer topish zaruratisiz

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oziq-ovqat sotib olishi mumkin.

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Pulning paydo bo'lishi esa
ishonch, taraqqiyot va

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zamonaviy hayotga katta hissa qo'shdi.

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Ammo pul qayerdan paydo bo'lgan?

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[dramatik musiqa]
Yoxan Norberg «Yangi va takomillashtirilgan»

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Adam Smit va Karl Munger
kabi iqtisodchilar

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pul  begonalar o'rtasida aytiboshlashni
osonlashtirish uchun

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o'z-o'zidan uyg'unlashadi, deb ishonishgan.

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Maxsus qurilma yoki yurak
bypass operatsiyasi kabi

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ko'p sotilmaydigan tovarlar egalari

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o'zlariga uncha kerak bo'lmagan,

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ammo istagan narsaga osongina
ayriboshlasa bo'ladigan

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tez sotiluvchi tovarlarni to'lov
sifatida qabul qilishni boshlashgan.

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Portativ va bardoshli
narsa afzal ko'rilgan.

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Turli-tuman narsalar sinab
ko'rilganidan so'ng,

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nima sabadan

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qimmatbaho toshlar mashhur
bo'lganligini tushunish qiyin emas.

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Taxminan 2600 yil avval Lidiyada,
hozirgi Turkiya hududida

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tangalar paydo bo'lgan.

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O'sha tangalar standartlashtirilgan og'irlik va

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o'lchovlarga asosan zarblangan,
ya'ni odamlar tangalarning qiymatini

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aniq bila olgan, bu esa
savdo uchun juda muhim.

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Arxeologik dalillar shuni ko'rsatadiki,

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tangalarning aksariyati
xususiy savdogarlar va

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bankirlar tomonidan ayriboshlashda
foydalanish uchun zarb qilingan.

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7-asrda mis tangalardan foydalangan
xitoylik savdogarlar

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ularni tijorat sayohatlarda
olib yurish ogʻir va xavfli deb,

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tangalarni depozit qogʻozlariga almashtiradilar

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va shu bilan ular toʻsatdan

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qogʻoz pullarni yaratadilar.

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Keyinchalik davlat hokimiyati pul yaratishni
monopollashtirishni boshlaydi.

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Buni amalga oshirish juda oson:
pul chop etiladi, xolos.

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1971-yilgacha, Qo'shma Shtatlarida

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bankka borib pulni unda ko'rsatilgan miqdordagi

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tillaga yoki kumushga bemalol almashtirish

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mumkin bo'lgan.

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Endi esa davlatlar

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pulni hech nima bilan ta'minlamay
chop etishadi,

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bu esa inflaytsiyaga sabab bo'ladi.

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Biroq odamlar tajriba qilishni to'xtagani yo'q.

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Raqamli aktivlar markazlashgan hukumatga

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bog'liq bo'lmasdan butun dunyo
bo'ylab ayriboshlanadigan

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kriptovalyutaning o'sib borayotganiga
e'tibor bering.

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Tarixan pullarning ko'p turi
muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'lganidek

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ushbu kriptovalyutalarning ham aksariyati
muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'ladi.

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Kelajakda yana boshqa turlari yaratilishi mumkin.

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Qog'oz, tilla yoki kripto:
pul doim takomillashib boradi.

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[dramatik musiqa]

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«Free to Choose Network»ning boshqa

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ajoyib videolarini tomosha qiling.
Yoxan Norberg bilan

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«Yangi va Takomillashtirilgan»ning

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yangi epizodlari uchun
kanalimizga obuna bo'ling.